Eukaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell, April 2007, p. 721-733, Vol. 6, No. 4
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00338-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genome Survey Sequencing of the Wine Spoilage Yeast Dekkera (Brettanomyces) bruxellensis{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Megan Woolfit,1 Elzbieta Rozpedowska,2 Jure Piskur,2 and Kenneth H. Wolfe1*

Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,1 Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden2

Received 24 October 2006/ Accepted 19 January 2007

The hemiascomycete yeast Dekkera bruxellensis, also known as Brettanomyces bruxellensis, is a major cause of wine spoilage worldwide. Wines infected with D. bruxellensis develop distinctive, unpleasant aromas due to volatile phenols produced by this species, which is highly ethanol tolerant and facultatively anaerobic. Despite its importance, however, D. bruxellensis has been poorly genetically characterized until now. We performed genome survey sequencing of a wine strain of D. bruxellensis to obtain 0.4x coverage of the genome. We identified approximately 3,000 genes, whose products averaged 49% amino acid identity to their Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologs, with similar intron contents. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses suggest that the relationship between D. bruxellensis, S. cerevisiae, and Candida albicans is close to a trichotomy. The estimated rate of chromosomal rearrangement in D. bruxellensis is slower than that calculated for C. albicans, while its rate of amino acid evolution is somewhat higher. The proteome of D. bruxellensis is enriched for transporters and genes involved in nitrogen and lipid metabolism, among other functions, which may reflect adaptations to its low-nutrient, high-ethanol niche. We also identified an adenyl deaminase gene that has high similarity to a gene in bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia species complex and appears to be the result of horizontal gene transfer. These data provide a resource for further analyses of the population genetics and evolution of D. bruxellensis and of the genetic bases of its physiological capabilities.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Phone: 353 1 896 1253. Fax: 353 1 679 8558. E-mail: khwolfe{at}tcd.ie

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 February 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

Eukaryotic Cell, April 2007, p. 721-733, Vol. 6, No. 4
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00338-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Infect. Immun. J. Bacteriol.
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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society for Microbiology.