Eukaryotic Cell
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Supplemental material
Right arrow Other Versions of this Article:
EC.00041-07v1
6/6/1041    most recent
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Odds, F. C.
Right arrow Articles by d'Enfert, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Odds, F. C.
Right arrow Articles by d'Enfert, C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Eukaryotic Cell, June 2007, p. 1041-1052, Vol. 6, No. 6
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00041-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Phylogenetics of Candida albicans{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Frank C. Odds,1* Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux,2,3 Duncan J. Shaw,1 Judith M. Bain,1 Amanda D. Davidson,1 Dorothée Diogo,2 Mette D. Jacobsen,1 Maud Lecomte,2 Shu-Ying Li,4 Arianna Tavanti,5 Martin C. J. Maiden,6 Neil A. R. Gow,1 and Christophe d'Enfert2

Aberdeen Fungal Group, School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom,1 Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, INRA USC 2019, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,2 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris 5-René Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France,3 Laboratory for Mycology, Division of Research and Diagnostics, Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan,4 Dipartimento di Biologia, Via San Zeno 35-39, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy,5 The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3SY Oxford, United Kingdom6

Received 6 February 2007/ Accepted 23 March 2007

We analyzed data on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), ABC typing, mating type-like locus (MAT) status, and antifungal susceptibility for a panel of 1,391 Candida albicans isolates. Almost all (96.7%) of the isolates could be assigned by MLST to one of 17 clades. eBURST analysis revealed 53 clonal clusters. Diploid sequence type 69 was the most common MLST strain type and the founder of the largest clonal cluster, and examples were found among isolates from all parts of the world. ABC types and geographical origins showed statistically significant variations among clades by univariate analysis of variance, but anatomical source and antifungal susceptibility data were not significantly associated. A separate analysis limited to European isolates, thereby minimizing geographical effects, showed significant differences in the proportions of isolates from blood, commensal carriage, and superficial infections among the five most populous clades. The proportion of isolates with low antifungal susceptibility was highest for MAT homozygous a/a types and then {alpha}/{alpha} types and was lowest for heterozygous a/{alpha} types. The tree of clades defined by MLST was not congruent with trees generated from the individual gene fragments sequenced, implying a separate evolutionary history for each fragment. Analysis of nucleic acid variation among loci and within loci supported recombination. Computational haplotype analysis showed a high frequency of recombination events, suggesting that isolates had mixed evolutionary histories resembling those of a sexually reproducing species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom. Phone and fax: 44 1224 555828. E-mail: f.odds{at}abdn.ac.uk

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 April 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://ec.asm.org/.

Eukaryotic Cell, June 2007, p. 1041-1052, Vol. 6, No. 6
1535-9778/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/EC.00041-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:



HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Infect. Immun. J. Bacteriol.
Mol. Cell Biol. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. ALL ASM JOURNALS
Copyright © 2007 by the American Society for Microbiology.